| A Survey of Degree and Postgraduate Education in China |
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| 2004/05/13 |
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In l978,with the implementation of
Chinese reform and open policy, and with the overall
recovery and development of education and science, graduate
education was restored after 12 years broken. Over 63, 000
persons throughout the country applied for graduate studies
that year and 10,000 were admitted after the strict
examinations.
The total enrollment of the
postgraduates had reached 21,000 by 1980. The Standing
Committee of National People's Congress approved the
Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Academic
Degrees in 1980£® In 1981, the State Council
approved the Provisional Measures for Implementing the
Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Academic
Degrees in which the academic standards are regulated for
three grades of academic degrees £º Bachelor's
Degree, Master's Degree and Doctor's Degree. The degree
system has been set up from then on, which has strongly
promoted the quality of graduate education, and standardized
and systematic management. According to the Regulations and
Provisional Measures, Bachelor's Degree shall be conferred
after the undergraduate study, and Master's and Doctor's
Degree shall be conferred in the period of the graduate
study.
The Catalog of Disciplines and
Specialties of Conferring Doctor's and Master's Degrees and
of Postgraduate Training was approved by the Academic Degree
Committee of the State Council and pro-State Education
Commission£¨Now is Ministry of Education, the same
below£©£® It serves as an important
basis for defining specialties, for the admission and
training of postgraduates, and for degree
conferment£® In the Catalog 1997, there are
altogether 12 major fields including Philosophy, Economics,
Law, Education, Literature, History, Natural Sciences,
Engineering, Agronomy, and Medicine, 88 first grade
disciplines and 382 second grade disciplines.
A list
of units that may admit doctoral students and confer
doctoral degrees and their disciplines, specialties,
supervisors were regulated for the first time in 1981. With
the approval of the State Council, the educational
authorities concerned printed the Provisional Regulations on
Admission of Doctoral Students in 1982, followed by a sery
of regulations formulated by the pro-State Education
Commission and the Academic Degree Committee of the State
Council on the training goal, length of study, training
program and plan, degree examinations and requirements for
dissertations. The training units have selected and
confirmed supervisors for doctoral students since l995 in
the process of making admitting and training
plans.
The Guidelines for the Education Reform
and Development in China jointly promulgated by the Central
Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State
Council in l993 made certain regulations for the concrete
target of the higher education development in
China£º higher education institutions shall
educate specialized personnel to meet the requirement of the
economic, scientific and technological development,
resources shall be mustered on running well some key
universities and specialties£» high-level
specialized personnel shall be primarily trained in domestic
institutions£» there shall be obvious improvement
of education quality and profits, science and technology.
According to the target, the pro-State Education Commission
promulgated a sery of regulations in 1995, such as
Suggestions on the Improvement and Enhancement of Graduate
Education. Basic policies have been raised in these
regulations for the reform and improvement of graduate
education. Concrete arrangement has been made simultaneously
for the development scale and speed of graduate education,
for structural optimization, for promotion of postgraduates'
quality, for base construction, for perfecting examination
and evaluation system and for strengthening the work of
leadership during the period of the ninth five-year-plan.
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